"bahan" meaning in All languages combined

See bahan on Wiktionary

Noun [Indonesian]

IPA: /ˈbahan/ [Standard-Indonesian], [ˈba.han] [Standard-Indonesian] Forms: bahan-bahan [plural]
Rhymes: -ahan Etymology: From Malay bahan, from Classical Malay bahan. Etymology templates: {{inh|id|ms|bahan}} Malay bahan, {{inh|id|ms-cla|bahan}} Classical Malay bahan Head templates: {{id-noun}} bahan (plural bahan-bahan)
  1. (rare) chip, flake: a small piece broken from a larger piece of solid material Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-bahan-id-noun-7d3S~e~j Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 21 13 1 20 13 2 9 21 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 22 14 2 22 10 3 6 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 21 14 1 21 11 2 8 21
  2. material:
    matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something
    Sense id: en-bahan-id-noun-biKzPj~- Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 21 13 1 20 13 2 9 21 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 22 14 2 22 10 3 6 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 21 14 1 21 11 2 8 21
  3. material:
    text written for a specific purpose
    Sense id: en-bahan-id-noun-nFVl6DHo
  4. material:
    fabric: cloth to be made into a garment
    Sense id: en-bahan-id-noun-Oj05Ks2u Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 21 13 1 20 13 2 9 21 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 22 14 2 22 10 3 6 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 21 14 1 21 11 2 8 21
  5. material:
    related data of various kinds, especially if collected as the basis for a document or book
    Sense id: en-bahan-id-noun-hMVF90hH Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 21 13 1 20 13 2 9 21 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 21 14 1 21 11 2 8 21
  6. material:
    the substance that something is made or composed of
    Sense id: en-bahan-id-noun-Mp2Da8~U
  7. physical matter; substance:
    matter: printed material, especially in books or magazines
    Sense id: en-bahan-id-noun-3V3OUj8s
  8. physical matter; substance:
    stuff: the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object
    Sense id: en-bahan-id-noun-kZB57h8d Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 21 13 1 20 13 2 9 21 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 22 14 2 22 10 3 6 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 21 14 1 21 11 2 8 21
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: abahan
Derived forms: berbahan, membahan, pembahan, perbahanan, bahan acuan, bahan ajar, bahan bakar, bahan baku, bahan balok, bahan bangunan, bahan berita, bahan bibliografi, bahan celana, bahan cerita, bahan cetak, bahan dasar, bahan diskusi, bahan film, bahan galian, bahan jadi, bahan kartografi, bahan kelabu, bahan makanan, bahan makanan ternak, bahan mentah, bahan murni, bahan organik, bahan pakai, bahan pakaian, bahan pandang dengar, bahan pegangan, bahan pelajaran, bahan peledak, bahan pelumas, bahan pembicaraan, bahan pemeriksaan, bahan pemikiran, bahan pengajaran, bahan pengawet, bahan pengelantang, bahan pengering, bahan pengikat, bahan periklanan, bahan pertimbangan, bahan rujukan, bahan serap, bahan taklangsung, bahan tambahan pangan, bahan tanam, bahan tanpa lemak, bahan tersuspensi, bahan vulkanisasi
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "berbahan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "membahan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pembahan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "perbahanan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan acuan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan ajar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan bakar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan baku"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan balok"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan bangunan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan berita"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan bibliografi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan celana"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan cerita"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan cetak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan dasar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan diskusi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan film"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan galian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan jadi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan kartografi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan kelabu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan makanan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan makanan ternak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan mentah"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan murni"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan organik"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pakai"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pakaian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pandang dengar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pegangan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pelajaran"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan peledak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pelumas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pembicaraan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pemeriksaan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pemikiran"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pengajaran"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pengawet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pengelantang"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pengering"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pengikat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan periklanan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan pertimbangan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan rujukan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan serap"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan taklangsung"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan tambahan pangan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan tanam"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan tanpa lemak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan tersuspensi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bahan vulkanisasi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "bahan"
      },
      "expansion": "Malay bahan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms-cla",
        "3": "bahan"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Malay bahan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Malay bahan, from Classical Malay bahan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bahan-bahan",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bahan (plural bahan-bahan)",
      "name": "id-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ba‧han"
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "abahan"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 13 1 20 13 2 9 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 14 2 22 10 3 6 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 14 1 21 11 2 8 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chip, flake: a small piece broken from a larger piece of solid material"
      ],
      "id": "en-bahan-id-noun-7d3S~e~j",
      "links": [
        [
          "chip",
          "chip"
        ],
        [
          "flake",
          "flake"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) chip, flake: a small piece broken from a larger piece of solid material"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 13 1 20 13 2 9 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 14 2 22 10 3 6 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 14 1 21 11 2 8 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "material:",
        "matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something"
      ],
      "id": "en-bahan-id-noun-biKzPj~-",
      "links": [
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ],
        [
          "matter",
          "matter"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "manipulate",
          "manipulate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "material:",
        "text written for a specific purpose"
      ],
      "id": "en-bahan-id-noun-nFVl6DHo",
      "links": [
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ],
        [
          "text",
          "text"
        ],
        [
          "written",
          "written"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 13 1 20 13 2 9 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 14 2 22 10 3 6 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 14 1 21 11 2 8 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "material:",
        "fabric: cloth to be made into a garment"
      ],
      "id": "en-bahan-id-noun-Oj05Ks2u",
      "links": [
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ],
        [
          "fabric",
          "fabric"
        ],
        [
          "cloth",
          "cloth"
        ],
        [
          "garment",
          "garment"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 13 1 20 13 2 9 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 14 1 21 11 2 8 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "material:",
        "related data of various kinds, especially if collected as the basis for a document or book"
      ],
      "id": "en-bahan-id-noun-hMVF90hH",
      "links": [
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ],
        [
          "data",
          "data"
        ],
        [
          "basis",
          "basis"
        ],
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ],
        [
          "book",
          "book"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "material:",
        "the substance that something is made or composed of"
      ],
      "id": "en-bahan-id-noun-Mp2Da8~U",
      "links": [
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "physical matter; substance:",
        "matter: printed material, especially in books or magazines"
      ],
      "id": "en-bahan-id-noun-3V3OUj8s",
      "links": [
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "matter",
          "matter"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 13 1 20 13 2 9 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 14 2 22 10 3 6 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 14 1 21 11 2 8 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "physical matter; substance:",
        "stuff: the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object"
      ],
      "id": "en-bahan-id-noun-kZB57h8d",
      "links": [
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "matter",
          "matter"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance"
        ],
        [
          "stuff",
          "stuff"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbahan/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈba.han]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ahan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bahan"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Indonesian 2-syllable words",
    "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Indonesian lemmas",
    "Indonesian nouns",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
    "Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay",
    "Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
    "Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/ahan",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/ahan/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "berbahan"
    },
    {
      "word": "membahan"
    },
    {
      "word": "pembahan"
    },
    {
      "word": "perbahanan"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan acuan"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan ajar"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan bakar"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan baku"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan balok"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan bangunan"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan berita"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan bibliografi"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan celana"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan cerita"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan cetak"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan dasar"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan diskusi"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan film"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan galian"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan jadi"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan kartografi"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan kelabu"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan makanan"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan makanan ternak"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan mentah"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan murni"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan organik"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pakai"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pakaian"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pandang dengar"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pegangan"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pelajaran"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan peledak"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pelumas"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pembicaraan"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pemeriksaan"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pemikiran"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pengajaran"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pengawet"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pengelantang"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pengering"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pengikat"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan periklanan"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan pertimbangan"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan rujukan"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan serap"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan taklangsung"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan tambahan pangan"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan tanam"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan tanpa lemak"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan tersuspensi"
    },
    {
      "word": "bahan vulkanisasi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "bahan"
      },
      "expansion": "Malay bahan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms-cla",
        "3": "bahan"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Malay bahan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Malay bahan, from Classical Malay bahan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bahan-bahan",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bahan (plural bahan-bahan)",
      "name": "id-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ba‧han"
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "abahan"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Indonesian terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chip, flake: a small piece broken from a larger piece of solid material"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chip",
          "chip"
        ],
        [
          "flake",
          "flake"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) chip, flake: a small piece broken from a larger piece of solid material"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "material:",
        "matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ],
        [
          "matter",
          "matter"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "manipulate",
          "manipulate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "material:",
        "text written for a specific purpose"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ],
        [
          "text",
          "text"
        ],
        [
          "written",
          "written"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "material:",
        "fabric: cloth to be made into a garment"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ],
        [
          "fabric",
          "fabric"
        ],
        [
          "cloth",
          "cloth"
        ],
        [
          "garment",
          "garment"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "material:",
        "related data of various kinds, especially if collected as the basis for a document or book"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ],
        [
          "data",
          "data"
        ],
        [
          "basis",
          "basis"
        ],
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ],
        [
          "book",
          "book"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "material:",
        "the substance that something is made or composed of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "physical matter; substance:",
        "matter: printed material, especially in books or magazines"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "matter",
          "matter"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "physical matter; substance:",
        "stuff: the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "matter",
          "matter"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance"
        ],
        [
          "stuff",
          "stuff"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbahan/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈba.han]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ahan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bahan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bahan meaning in All languages combined (4.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (89e900c and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.